T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, son y\u0131llarda yaln\u0131zca do\u011fa ko\u015fullar\u0131yla de\u011fil, ekonomik dalgalanmalar ve girdi maliyetlerindeki art\u0131\u015fla da s\u0131nan\u0131yor. B\u00f6yle bir ortamda, \u201c\u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f al\u0131c\u0131 ve fiyat garantisi\u201d fikri, \u00f6zellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in cazip bir g\u00fcvenceye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m modeli \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.
S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m, \u00fcretici ile al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve \u00fcretimin ba\u015ftan sona planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir anla\u015fma sistemidir. Taraflar, ekilecek \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131ndan kalitesine, teslimat tarihinden fiyat\u0131na kadar t\u00fcm ko\u015fullar\u0131 hasat ba\u015flamadan belirler. B\u00f6ylece hem \u00e7ift\u00e7i hem de al\u0131c\u0131, piyasa belirsizliklerinden k\u0131smen korunur.
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Mevcut Durum: Rakamlar\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fcyle S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli Tar\u0131m
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m \u015feker pancar\u0131, end\u00fcstriyel domates, t\u00fct\u00fcn, patates, m\u0131s\u0131r ve baz\u0131 sebzelerde olduk\u00e7a yerle\u015fik durumda. 2023 Kredi Kay\u0131t B\u00fcrosu (KKB) verilerine g\u00f6re:
\u015eeker pancar\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli \u00fcretim oran\u0131 %57 ile zirvede.
Bu\u011fdayda oran %9,
Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finde %8,
M\u0131s\u0131rda ise %6 civar\u0131nda.
Bu rakamlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m\u0131n h\u00e2len belirli \u00fcr\u00fcnlere yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Meyve-sebze taraf\u0131nda ise \u00f6zellikle end\u00fcstriyel domates \u00fcretiminde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli model yayg\u0131n olarak uygulan\u0131yor; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc fabrikalar, domatesin i\u015flenebilir kalitede ve s\u00fcrekli tedarik edilmesini istiyor.
\u00c7ift\u00e7ilerin Profili
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m yapan \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin profiline dair \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriyor:
E\u011fitim s\u00fcresi ortalama 10,27 y\u0131l (s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapmayanlarda 7,90 y\u0131l).
Sulama imk\u00e2n\u0131 oran\u0131 %91,34 (s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiz \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerde %71,25).
Mekanizasyon seviyesi (trakt\u00f6r, bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver gibi) daha y\u00fcksek.
Yani, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli \u00fcretime dahil olan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler genellikle daha donan\u0131ml\u0131, altyap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve pazarlama konusunda tecr\u00fcbeli kesimi olu\u015fturuyor.
Avantajlar: \u00c7ift\u00e7inin Elini G\u00fc\u00e7lendiren Y\u00f6nler
Pazar ve Fiyat G\u00fcvencesi \u2013 \u00dcretici, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc kime sataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden bilerek riskini azalt\u0131r.
Girdi Deste\u011fi \u2013 Al\u0131c\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman tohum, g\u00fcbre, ila\u00e7 ve hatta yak\u0131t deste\u011fi sa\u011flar.
Teknik Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u2013 B\u00fcy\u00fck firmalar tar\u0131m dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131yla \u00fcretimi takip eder, verimi art\u0131racak y\u00f6ntemleri uygulat\u0131r.
\u0130hracata Uygun \u00dcretim \u2013 Kalite standartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden belirlenmesi, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 pazarda rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131r.
Planl\u0131 \u00dcretim \u2013 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m, arz-talep dengesini d\u00fczenleyerek hem \u00fcretici hem t\u00fcketici lehine fiyat istikrar\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.
Riskler: G\u00fcvence mi, Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k m\u0131?
Avantajlar cazip olsa da sistemin ciddi ele\u015ftirilere a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00f6nleri var:
Pazarl\u0131k G\u00fcc\u00fc Sorunu \u2013 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda fiyat konusunda yeterince s\u00f6z sahibi olamayabiliyor.
Tek Al\u0131c\u0131ya Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k \u2013 \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015fka pazara satma \u015fans\u0131 olmayan \u00fcretici, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131na mahk\u00fbm kalabiliyor.
S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u0130hlalleri \u2013 Piyasa fiyat\u0131 y\u00fckselirse \u00e7ift\u00e7i, d\u00fc\u015ferse al\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayma e\u011filimine girebiliyor.
Toprak ve \u00c7evre Riski \u2013 Y\u0131llarca ayn\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ekilmesi, toprak yorgunlu\u011fu ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.
T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u00e7in Ne \u0130fade Ediyor?
T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131nda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun k\u00f6ylerden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131 ve girdi maliyetlerindeki art\u0131\u015f, plans\u0131z \u00fcretimin art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck risk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bu nedenle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m, \u00f6zellikle arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve gelir istikrar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 olabilir.
Ancak burada kritik nokta \u015fu: S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m bir \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u201d de\u011fil, bir \u201cara\u00e7\u201d t\u0131r. Bu ara\u00e7, adil ve \u015feffaf bir sistemle i\u015fletilirse \u00e7ift\u00e7inin refah\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r; aksi durumda \u00fcreticiyi tek tarafl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fckler.
Gelecek \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6neriler
Yasal G\u00fcvence \u2013 Taraflar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme mevzuat\u0131.
Kooperatifle\u015fme \u2013 \u00c7ift\u00e7iler tek tek de\u011fil, toplu olarak pazarl\u0131k yapmal\u0131.
\u00c7evre Dostu \u00dcretim \u2013 Toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak \u00fcr\u00fcn rotasyonu ve ekolojik kriterler.
E\u011fitim Programlar\u0131 \u2013 Hem teknik tar\u0131m bilgisi hem de s\u00f6zle\u015fme okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitimi.
Devlet Destekleri ile Uyum \u2013 Destekleme politikalar\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m modeline entegre edilmeli.
Son S\u00f6z
S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m, T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131nda daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, kaliteli ve pazar odakl\u0131 \u00fcretimin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralayabilir. Ancak bu kap\u0131, tek tarafl\u0131 k\u00e2r anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile de\u011fil, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kazan\u0131m prensibiyle a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131.
ZAFER \u00d6ZC\u0130VAN
Ekonomist-Yazar
Zaferozcivan59@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, son y\u0131llarda yaln\u0131zca do\u011fa ko\u015fullar\u0131yla de\u011fil, ekonomik dalgalanmalar ve girdi maliyetlerindeki art\u0131\u015fla da s\u0131nan\u0131yor. B\u00f6yle bir ortamda, \u201c\u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f al\u0131c\u0131 ve fiyat garantisi\u201d fikri, \u00f6zellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in cazip bir g\u00fcvenceye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m modeli \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m, \u00fcretici ile al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve \u00fcretimin ba\u015ftan sona planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir anla\u015fma sistemidir. Taraflar, ekilecek \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131ndan kalitesine, teslimat tarihinden fiyat\u0131na kadar t\u00fcm ko\u015fullar\u0131 hasat ba\u015flamadan belirler. B\u00f6ylece hem \u00e7ift\u00e7i hem de al\u0131c\u0131, piyasa belirsizliklerinden k\u0131smen korunur.T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Mevcut Durum: Rakamlar\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fcyle S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli Tar\u0131mT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m \u015feker pancar\u0131, end\u00fcstriyel domates, t\u00fct\u00fcn, patates, m\u0131s\u0131r ve baz\u0131 sebzelerde olduk\u00e7a yerle\u015fik durumda. 2023 Kredi Kay\u0131t B\u00fcrosu (KKB) verilerine g\u00f6re:\u015eeker pancar\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli \u00fcretim oran\u0131 %57 ile zirvede.Bu\u011fdayda oran %9,Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finde %8,M\u0131s\u0131rda ise %6 civar\u0131nda.Bu rakamlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m\u0131n h\u00e2len belirli \u00fcr\u00fcnlere yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Meyve-sebze taraf\u0131nda ise \u00f6zellikle end\u00fcstriyel domates \u00fcretiminde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli model yayg\u0131n olarak uygulan\u0131yor; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc fabrikalar, domatesin i\u015flenebilir kalitede ve s\u00fcrekli tedarik edilmesini istiyor.\u00c7ift\u00e7ilerin ProfiliAra\u015ft\u0131rmalar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m yapan \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin profiline dair \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriyor:E\u011fitim s\u00fcresi ortalama 10,27 y\u0131l (s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapmayanlarda 7,90 y\u0131l).Sulama imk\u00e2n\u0131 oran\u0131 %91,34 (s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiz \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerde %71,25).Mekanizasyon seviyesi (trakt\u00f6r, bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver gibi) daha y\u00fcksek.Yani, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli \u00fcretime dahil olan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler genellikle daha donan\u0131ml\u0131, altyap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve pazarlama konusunda tecr\u00fcbeli kesimi olu\u015fturuyor.Avantajlar: \u00c7ift\u00e7inin Elini G\u00fc\u00e7lendiren Y\u00f6nlerPazar ve Fiyat G\u00fcvencesi \u2013 \u00dcretici, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc kime sataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden bilerek riskini azalt\u0131r.Girdi Deste\u011fi \u2013 Al\u0131c\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman tohum, g\u00fcbre, ila\u00e7 ve hatta yak\u0131t deste\u011fi sa\u011flar.Teknik Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u2013 B\u00fcy\u00fck firmalar tar\u0131m dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131yla \u00fcretimi takip eder, verimi art\u0131racak y\u00f6ntemleri uygulat\u0131r.\u0130hracata Uygun \u00dcretim \u2013 Kalite standartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden belirlenmesi, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 pazarda rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131r.Planl\u0131 \u00dcretim \u2013 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m, arz-talep dengesini d\u00fczenleyerek hem \u00fcretici hem t\u00fcketici lehine fiyat istikrar\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.Riskler: G\u00fcvence mi, Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k m\u0131?Avantajlar cazip olsa da sistemin ciddi ele\u015ftirilere a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00f6nleri var:Pazarl\u0131k G\u00fcc\u00fc Sorunu \u2013 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda fiyat konusunda yeterince s\u00f6z sahibi olamayabiliyor.Tek Al\u0131c\u0131ya Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k \u2013 \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015fka pazara satma \u015fans\u0131 olmayan \u00fcretici, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131na mahk\u00fbm kalabiliyor.S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u0130hlalleri \u2013 Piyasa fiyat\u0131 y\u00fckselirse \u00e7ift\u00e7i, d\u00fc\u015ferse al\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayma e\u011filimine girebiliyor.Toprak ve \u00c7evre Riski \u2013 Y\u0131llarca ayn\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ekilmesi, toprak yorgunlu\u011fu ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u00e7in Ne \u0130fade Ediyor?T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131nda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun k\u00f6ylerden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131 ve girdi maliyetlerindeki art\u0131\u015f, plans\u0131z \u00fcretimin art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck risk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bu nedenle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m, \u00f6zellikle arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve gelir istikrar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 olabilir.Ancak burada kritik nokta \u015fu: S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m bir \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u201d de\u011fil, bir \u201cara\u00e7\u201d t\u0131r. Bu ara\u00e7, adil ve \u015feffaf bir sistemle i\u015fletilirse \u00e7ift\u00e7inin refah\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r; aksi durumda \u00fcreticiyi tek tarafl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fckler.Gelecek \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6nerilerYasal G\u00fcvence \u2013 Taraflar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme mevzuat\u0131.Kooperatifle\u015fme \u2013 \u00c7ift\u00e7iler tek tek de\u011fil, toplu olarak pazarl\u0131k yapmal\u0131.\u00c7evre Dostu \u00dcretim \u2013 Toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak \u00fcr\u00fcn rotasyonu ve ekolojik kriterler.E\u011fitim Programlar\u0131 \u2013 Hem teknik tar\u0131m bilgisi hem de s\u00f6zle\u015fme okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitimi.Devlet Destekleri ile Uyum \u2013 Destekleme politikalar\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m modeline entegre edilmeli.Son S\u00f6zS\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tar\u0131m, T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131nda daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, kaliteli ve pazar odakl\u0131 \u00fcretimin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralayabilir. Ancak bu kap\u0131, tek tarafl\u0131 k\u00e2r anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile de\u011fil, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kazan\u0131m prensibiyle a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131.ZAFER \u00d6ZC\u0130VANEkonomist-YazarZaferozcivan59@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3858,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,26,267],"tags":[364],"class_list":["post-3857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-kose-yazarlari","category-zafer-ozcivan","tag-sozlesmelitarim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3857"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3859,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3857\/revisions\/3859"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}