Donald Trump, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin 47. Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak yemin ettikten sonra g\u00f6revinin ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnde bir dizi kararname imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Beyaz Saray’da bir d\u00f6nem daha g\u00f6revde kalmak i\u00e7in su\u00e7lamalar, cezai iddianameler ve bir \u00e7ift suikast giri\u015fiminin \u00fcstesinden gelen Donald Trump 20 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fc 47. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak yemin etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Geleneksel olarak a\u00e7\u0131k havada yap\u0131lan yemin t\u00f6reni, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015fekilde Washington’daki yo\u011fun so\u011fuk hava ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r nedeniyle kapal\u0131 mek\u00e2na ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eski ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden ve g\u00f6revi devralan Ba\u015fkan Trump Beyaz Saray’dan birlikte ayr\u0131larak a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f etkinliklerine ba\u015flamak \u00fczere ABD Kongre Binas\u0131’na do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Her iki isim de siyasi geleneklere uygun olarak ayn\u0131 arac\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kongre binas\u0131na vard\u0131ktan sonra Trump ve Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 JD Vance yemin ederek g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. Trump daha sonra 30 dakikadan fazla s\u00fcren a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Etkinli\u011fe aralar\u0131nda d\u00fcnya liderlerinin de bulundu\u011fu yabanc\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131 da kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130talya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Georgia Meloni, Arjantin Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Javier Milei ve \u00c7in Devlet Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Han Zheng t\u00f6rende haz\u0131r bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f6rene \u00e7ok say\u0131da milyarder, i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 y\u00f6neticisi ve influencer da davet edildi. Tesla ve SpaceX’in patronu Elon Musk, Meta’n\u0131n sahibi Mark Zuckerberg, Amazon’un patronu Jeff Bezos, UFC’nin patronu Dana White ve LVMH’den Bernard Arnault kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u015fkan daha sonra a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7it t\u00f6renine kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve etkinli\u011fe tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmek i\u00e7in ABD ba\u015fkentinin sokaklar\u0131n\u0131 dolduran destek\u00e7ilerine el sallad\u0131 ve g\u00f6revdeki \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir ilk g\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131na s\u00f6z verdi\u011fi Beyaz Saray’a do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump, Oval Ofis’e vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 vakit kaybetmedi ve “Amerika’n\u0131n alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131” olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti\u011fi d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in h\u0131zla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fiklikler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6 Ocak Kongre bask\u0131n\u0131na kat\u0131lanlara af<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump, 2024 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k kampanyas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda defalarca s\u00f6z verdi\u011fi gibi, 2020 ABD se\u00e7imlerinde Joe Biden’a yenilmesini kabul etmeyerek 6 Ocak 2021’de ABD Kongre binas\u0131n\u0131 basan ki\u015filere ilk g\u00fcnden af \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7 saatlerde ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131, milletvekillerinin Biden’\u0131n zaferini onaylamak \u00fczere topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada, Kongre’ye y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131larda h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f ya da cezai olarak su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 1500 ki\u015fiye tam af \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cezalar\u0131n hafifletilmesi ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131 ‘Proud Boys’ ve ‘Oath Keepers’ gruplar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 komplo kurmaktan h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f ya da su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f 14 \u00fcyesinin cezalar\u0131n\u0131 da kaps\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekonomi ve TikTok<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump, Biden’\u0131n eylemlerini y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rarak ve kendi emirlerini ekleyerek her federal kurumu t\u00fcketici enflasyonuyla m\u00fccadele etmeye y\u00f6nlendirmek olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sembolik bir memorandum imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump, petrol ve do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretimi \u00fczerindeki d\u00fczenleyici y\u00fckleri hafifleterek t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131n\u0131n maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fini vaat ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ticaret konusunda ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131, 1 \u015eubat’tan itibaren Kanada ve Meksika’ya y\u00fczde 25 g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi uygulayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi, ancak \u00c7in’den ithalat\u0131 vergilendirme planlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump ayr\u0131ca, Kongre’nin Tik Tok yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 75 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne durdurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir emir imzalad\u0131. Trump bu d\u00f6nemin, pop\u00fcler sosyal medya platformunun Amerikal\u0131lara a\u00e7\u0131k kalmas\u0131na izin verirken ulusal g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak bir anla\u015fmayla platform i\u00e7in ABD’li bir al\u0131c\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in bir pencere g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6nce Amerika<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lk d\u00f6neminde yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlayan Trump, ABD’yi D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’nden (WHO) \u00e7\u0131karan bir kararname imzalad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca ABD’nin d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131m harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesini emretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Her iki hamle de d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilere y\u00f6nelik izolasyonist ‘\u00d6nce Amerika’ yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na paralel olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump ayr\u0131ca daha sembolik hamlelerle Meksika K\u00f6rfezi’nin ad\u0131n\u0131 ‘Amerika K\u00f6rfezi’ olarak de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir kararname imzalamay\u0131 planlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eu anda Denali olarak bilinen Kuzey Amerika’n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek da\u011f\u0131, eski ad\u0131 olan McKinley Da\u011f\u0131’na geri d\u00f6necek. Eski Ba\u015fkan Barack Obama taraf\u0131ndan yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeni ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ayr\u0131ca, gelecekteki her Yemin T\u00f6reni G\u00fcn\u00fc’nde bayraklar\u0131n tam y\u00fckseklikte olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir emir imzalarken, Trump’\u0131n bir ba\u015fka emri de “G\u00fczel Federal Sivil Mimari”nin te\u015fvik edilmesine y\u00f6nelik oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f6\u00e7menlik ve Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump, aralar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme kapsam\u0131n\u0131 daraltan bir kararnamenin de bulundu\u011fu, selefinin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminden kalma bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7menlik kararnamesini tersine \u00e7evirdi. Biden, ciddi su\u00e7lar i\u015fleyen ya da ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fe tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen ki\u015filerin s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesine \u00f6ncelik verilmesini emretmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump’\u0131n Biden’\u0131n emrini geri almas\u0131, se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda vaat etti\u011fi “Amerikan tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme program\u0131n\u0131” ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme plan\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131n\u0131 Trump’\u0131n Ocak 2021’de g\u00f6revi b\u0131rak\u0131rken sahip oldu\u011fu haline geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u015fkan ayr\u0131ca ABD-Meksika s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ulusal acil durum ilan etti ve g\u00f6\u00e7menlik memurlar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma ve m\u00fcltecileri k\u0131s\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in asker g\u00f6ndermeyi planl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da sona erdirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Do\u011fu\u015ftan vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ABD Anayasas\u0131’nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, emrinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz yasal zorluklardan kurtulup kurtulamayaca\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz belli de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump ayr\u0131ca ‘ABD M\u00fclteci Kabul Program\u0131’n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak ask\u0131ya alarak, program\u0131n kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve ulusal g\u00fcvenlik \u00fczerindeki etkilerini de\u011ferlendirmek \u00fczere bir inceleme ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump ayr\u0131ca s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131 Meksika s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda beklemeye zorlayan bir politikay\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flatma s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi ancak Washington ile ili\u015fkileri gergin olan Meksika’n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7menleri yeniden kabul edip etmeyece\u011fi de belirsiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
47. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Trump ayr\u0131ca, Biden d\u00f6neminden kalma ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon g\u00f6\u00e7mene yasal giri\u015f hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan CBP One uygulamas\u0131na da son verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu uygulama, ilk iltica ba\u015fvurusunda bulunmak isteyen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin, ABD-Meksika s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda randevu almalar\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ulusal g\u00fcvenlik konusunda ise Ba\u015fkan Trump, d\u00fc\u015fman olarak alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun bir listenin t\u00fcm aktif g\u00fcvenlik izinlerini iptal etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Listede eski ulusal istihbarat direkt\u00f6r\u00fc James Clapper, eski CIA direkt\u00f6r\u00fc ve Savunma Bakan\u0131 Leon Panetta’n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kendi eski ulusal g\u00fcvenlik dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 John Bolton da yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130klim ve enerji<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump, ABD’yi Paris iklim anla\u015fmalar\u0131ndan resmen \u00e7ekece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi belgeleri imzalad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 hamleyi ilk d\u00f6neminde de yapm\u0131\u015f, ancak Biden g\u00f6reve geldikten sonra bu hamleyi tersine \u00e7evirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump, kampanyas\u0131nda verdi\u011fi “sondaj” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmek i\u00e7in enerji acil durumu ilan etti ve “Biden’\u0131n elektrikli ara\u00e7 zorunlulu\u011fu” olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Federal h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve b\u00fcrokraside reformlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump, ordu ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ad\u0131n\u0131 vermedi\u011fi di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetin i\u015fe al\u0131mlar\u0131na son verdi. \u0130kinci y\u00f6netiminin temellerini atarken yeni federal d\u00fczenlemeleri dondurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin adam\u0131 Elon Musk taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen “Devlet Verimlili\u011fi Departman\u0131” (DOGE) adl\u0131 yeni devlet dairesini resmen yetkilendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DOGE, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve i\u015fleyi\u015fini d\u00fczene sokmak i\u00e7in s\u00f6zde bir \u00e7aba olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu resmi bir kurum de\u011fil ancak Ba\u015fkan Trump, Tesla, SpaceX ve X’in sahibi Elon Musk’a h\u00fck\u00fcmet programlar\u0131nda ve harcamalar\u0131nda kesintiler \u00f6nermesi i\u00e7in geni\u015f bir yetki vermeye haz\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Transgender ve DEI Haklar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trump trans bireylere y\u00f6nelik korumalar\u0131 geri al\u0131yor ve federal h\u00fck\u00fcmet b\u00fcnyesindeki \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, e\u015fitlik ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k (DEI) programlar\u0131n\u0131 sonland\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Her ikisi de federal politikada Trump’\u0131n se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131nda verdi\u011fi s\u00f6zlerle uyumlu b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimler anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir emirle federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetin sadece erkek ve kad\u0131n olmak \u00fczere iki de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez cinsiyeti tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 ilan edildi. Bu cinsiyetler, insanlar\u0131n kromozomlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fil, yumurta ya da sperm ile do\u011fup do\u011fmad\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlanacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u0131nan karar, federal hapishaneleri, tecav\u00fcz ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma evlerini ve g\u00f6\u00e7menleri kararnamede tan\u0131mlanan cinsiyete g\u00f6re ay\u0131racak. Federal vergi m\u00fckelleflerinin paras\u0131 da art\u0131k “ge\u00e7i\u015f hizmetlerini” finanse etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmayacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131 bir emirle DEI programlar\u0131 durduruldu. Trump, Beyaz Saray’a h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u00e7inde bu programlar\u0131n tespit edilmesi ve derhal sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(Yukar\u0131daki yaz\u0131 Euronews sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ZAFER \u00d6ZC\u0130VAN<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekonomist-Yazar<\/p>\n\n\n\n