Global konteyner krizi ve ani artan \u00fcr\u00fcn ticareti talebi sebebiyle navlunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten UT\u0130KAD Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi ve Denizyolu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Cihan \u00d6zkal, ekipman ve yer s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunun Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131na kadar devam etmesinin beklendi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \u00d6zkal, bu t\u00fcr krizlere kar\u015f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m miktar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 milyar Amerikan dolar\u0131 olmas\u0131 beklenen \u00e7o\u011funluk hissesinin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde oldu\u011fu, belirli oranda kamu hissesi de olan ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir konteyner hatt\u0131n\u0131n (armat\u00f6r \u015firketinin) kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
UT\u0130KAD Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi ve Denizyolu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Cihan \u00d6zkal, denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mevcut durumunu, konteyner krizinin d\u00fcnya ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda neler yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini 10 soruda cevaplad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1- Denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 neden \u00f6nemli?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ticaretin k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesinde \u00f6nc\u00fc ve \u00f6nemli rol oynayan denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck hacme sahip, birim fiyat\u0131 ve zaman duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u00fcklerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli bir ta\u015f\u0131ma modu ve d\u00fcnya ticaretini en \u00e7ok etkileyen ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc. Son yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131lda denizyolu ile yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n hacminin 20 kat art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermesi, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ta\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fcklerin hacmen %84 oran\u0131nda denizyolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, k\u00fcresel denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. 2- Denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki son durumu nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Co\u011frafi bak\u0131mdan bir yar\u0131mada olan T\u00fcrkiye, Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n kav\u015fak noktas\u0131nda konumlanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f ticaretinde \u00f6nemli paya sahip denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6zellikle transit ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan geli\u015fim alanlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. 3- Denizyolu konteyner ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya ticaretine etkisi nas\u0131l oldu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6zellikle 80\u2019li y\u0131llar itibar\u0131yla, s\u00fcratle konteyner ile denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve bu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re yeni nesil konteyner gemilerinin ve yeni nesil limanlar\u0131n kurulmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131yla k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ve de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dcretilen bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn konteynerize olabilecek \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclendirilmesi, \u00fcretim, depolama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131, y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltmada yeni y\u00f6ntem ve kurallar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 d\u00fcnya konteyner deniz yolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na vesile oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4- Denizyolu konteyner ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda neler oluyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Pandemi sebebiyle \u015eubat ve Mart 2020 itibariyle \u00fclkelerde kapanmalar, global \u00e7apta talepte ve arzda, anormallikler ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Pandeminin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer \u00c7in, bundan ilk kurtulan ve normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma temposuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yaparken, birikmi\u015f sipari\u015fler ve \u00fcretimin de h\u0131z kazanmas\u0131yla y\u00fcksek miktarlarda ekipman ihtiyac\u0131 yaratt\u0131. Ortalama her y\u0131l %4 artan konteyner \u00fcretimi pandemi s\u00fcrecinde olumsuz etkilendi ve \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Pandeminin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in durmas\u0131yla armat\u00f6rlerin ilk reaksiyonlar\u0131, “blank sailing” dedi\u011fimiz sefer iptalleri oldu. Ayr\u0131ca pandemi kaynakl\u0131 ithalat y\u00fcklerinin bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki yava\u015flama sonucu, bo\u015f ekipman temininde de sorunlar ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 5- Konteyner krizi nas\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Global konteyner gemilerinin zaman\u0131nda var\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyelerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu da t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ekipman ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatt\u0131. Gemiler daha ge\u00e7 varmaya ve daha ge\u00e7 tahliye edilip, daha ge\u00e7 teslimatlar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u00c7in \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 toparland\u0131 ve konteyner talebi di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerden h\u0131zl\u0131 artt\u0131. \u00c7in-ABD navlunlar\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fckseldi\u011finden armat\u00f6rler \u00c7in\u2019e bo\u015f ekipman pozisyonlad\u0131. Onlar da ABD ve Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6nderildi. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin limanlar\u0131nda Ekim 2020\u2019den bu yana s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k mevcut. Konteynerler pandemi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yava\u015f \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131 ve bu durum devam ediyor. K\u0131smi kapanmalardan ve pandemi kaynakl\u0131 tren \/ kamyon firmalar\u0131n\u0131n arz\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f var. Bu sebeple konteynerin \u00e7ekilmesi ve bo\u015f d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerin gecikmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. ABD\u2019de konteynerlar\u0131n tekrar \u00c7in limanlar\u0131na bo\u015f d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcresi ortalama 63 g\u00fcn oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7in ile Birle\u015fik Devletleraras\u0131ndaki konteyner hacmi, ge\u00e7en seneki rakamlara g\u00f6re ayl\u0131k ortalama 900.000 TEU, bu sene hacim %23,3 oran\u0131nda artm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu y\u0131l 5 ayda 5,5 milyon TEU yap\u0131yor. Neden bug\u00fcnlere geldik daha anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir h\u00e2l al\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyada \u015fu an mevcut konteyner gemilerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 23 milyon TEU ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi var. Global konteyner \u00fcretimi 2020\u2019de %35 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 2021\u2019de %40 art\u0131\u015f bekleniyor. \u00c7inli \u00fcreticiler tam kapasite \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve ayda 300000 TEU \u00fcretim yap\u0131yor. Malezya ve Hindistan gerekli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 yaparak, 1-2 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde \u00fcretime ba\u015flayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6- D\u00fcnya konteyner limanlar\u0131nda nas\u0131l geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00fcnya genelinde liman s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, gemilerin ortalama transit s\u00fcre performanslar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu da tedarik\u00e7inin teslim s\u00fcresi hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131. Aral\u0131k 2020\u2019de Los Angeles Liman\u0131\u2019na gelen konteyner adedi bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re %26 artt\u0131. ABD Los Angeles Liman\u0131\u2019nda ortalama 50 konteyner gemi a\u00e7\u0131kta beklemekte. Ortalama a\u00e7\u0131kta bekleme s\u00fcresi 7 g\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7- Armat\u00f6rler (konteyner hatlar\u0131) ne yap\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Armat\u00f6rler, gemi \u00fcretiminin uzun s\u00fcrmesinden (3 y\u0131l) dolay\u0131 talepteki ani dalgalanmalara h\u0131zl\u0131 reaksiyon g\u00f6steremiyor. Armat\u00f6rler Nisan-May\u0131s 2020 atlar\u0131nda blank\/void sailing yapman\u0131n daha avantajl\u0131 olabildi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Navlunu y\u00fcksek tutmak, gemiyi at\u0131l yat\u0131rman\u0131n maliyetinden daha avantajl\u0131 hale geldi. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 ortas\u0131nda, gemi kapasiteleri blank sailing\u2019ler ile global olarak \u00e7ekilmi\u015fti. Sonras\u0131nda kapasite kontroll\u00fc \u015fekilde geri konuldu. Ancak global talebin ani art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile talep kar\u015f\u0131lanamad\u0131. Armat\u00f6rler navlunlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemek i\u00e7in kapasiteyi taktiksel olarak y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8- Navlun seviyelerinde durum nedir? Art\u0131\u015flar ne zamana kadar devam edecek?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Global konteyner krizi ve ani artan \u00fcr\u00fcn ticareti talebi sebebiyle navlunlar hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar artt\u0131. Armat\u00f6rler ilk ba\u015ftan Uzakdo\u011fu-Avrupa hatt\u0131nda ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131, son y\u0131llar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek navlun art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, daha sonra Amerika, Afrika, Avrupa ve Akdeniz havzas\u0131 koridorlar\u0131nda da devam ettiriyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uzakdo\u011fu-T\u00fcrkiye navlunlar\u0131 en y\u00fcksek seviyeleri (usd 8000\/FEU) g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra yatay seyretmekle beraber bir miktar gev\u015feme beklenmektedir. Yak\u0131n zamanda en b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrkiye-USA hatt\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc ve art\u0131\u015f her ay devam etmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye \u2013Avrupa hatt\u0131nda navlunlar Q4 2020 itibariyle y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti. Ekipman s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Nisan ay\u0131nda da navlun art\u0131\u015f\u0131 beklenmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye- Afrika hatt\u0131nda navlunlar ortalamada iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9- Denizyolu konteyner ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda neler bekleniyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2020\u2019de d\u00fcnya ekonomisi %3 darald\u0131. 2021\u2019de d\u00fczelme beklendi\u011fi gibi devam ederse %5.8 b\u00fcy\u00fcme bekleniyor. A\u015f\u0131lama s\u00fcreci beklenildi\u011fi gibi ilerlemiyor. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki tasarruf miktar\u0131 pandemide artt\u0131, bu da 2021-2022\u2019de global ticaret talebini normalin \u00fczerinde tutacakt\u0131r. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den mal taleplerini y\u00fcksek seyretmesi bekleniyor. 10- T\u00fcrkiye denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda neler yapmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Eski denizcilerimiz iyi bilir; bir zamanlar anl\u0131 \u015fanl\u0131 Deniz Nakliyat kurulu\u015fumuz vard\u0131. Farkl\u0131 tipte bir\u00e7ok gemiye sahip bu kurulu\u015f ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en iyi denizcilerini de yeti\u015ftiren bir okuldu. Maalesef k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netim ve yanl\u0131\u015f kararlar \u015firketin zarar etmesine ve par\u00e7a par\u00e7a sat\u0131l\u0131p yok olmas\u0131na neden oldu. 2020-2021 pandemi d\u00f6nemi, b\u00f6yle bir \u015firketin ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu tekrar bizlere hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u00e7o\u011funluk hissesinin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde oldu\u011fu, belirli oranda kamu hissesi de olan ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir konteyner hatt\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 de hayal de\u011fil. Uzakdo\u011fu, Ortado\u011fu, T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015facak b\u00f6yle bir hat, bizi d\u0131\u015f ticaret hedeflerimizin de \u00f6tesine ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 milyar Amerikan dolar\u0131n\u0131 bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz b\u00f6yle bir \u015firket, \u00fclkemizin gururu t\u0131pk\u0131 T\u00fcrk Havayollar\u0131 gibi d\u00fcnya lojisti\u011finde bizi hak etti\u011fimiz yerlere ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Mevcut bir konteyner hatt\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131nabilece\u011fi gibi, s\u0131f\u0131rdan yeni bir hat da kurulup i\u015fletilebilir. Bu konuda, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn uzman profesyonelleri ve bakanl\u0131k yetkilileri bir araya gelerek bu dev projenin hayata ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flatabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cihan \u00d6ZKAL Global konteyner krizi ve ani artan \u00fcr\u00fcn ticareti talebi sebebiyle navlunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten UT\u0130KAD Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi ve Denizyolu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Cihan \u00d6zkal, ekipman ve yer s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunun Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131na kadar devam etmesinin beklendi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \u00d6zkal, bu t\u00fcr krizlere kar\u015f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m miktar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 milyar Amerikan dolar\u0131 olmas\u0131 beklenen \u00e7o\u011funluk hissesinin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde oldu\u011fu, belirli oranda kamu hissesi de olan ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir konteyner hatt\u0131n\u0131n (armat\u00f6r \u015firketinin) kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. UT\u0130KAD Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi ve Denizyolu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Cihan \u00d6zkal, denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mevcut durumunu, konteyner krizinin d\u00fcnya ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda neler yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini 10 soruda cevaplad\u0131. 1- Denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 neden \u00f6nemli? Ticaretin k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesinde \u00f6nc\u00fc ve \u00f6nemli rol oynayan denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck hacme sahip, birim fiyat\u0131 ve zaman duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u00fcklerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli bir ta\u015f\u0131ma modu ve d\u00fcnya ticaretini en \u00e7ok etkileyen ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc. Son yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131lda denizyolu ile yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n hacminin 20 kat art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermesi, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ta\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fcklerin hacmen %84 oran\u0131nda denizyolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, k\u00fcresel denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.Di\u011fer yandan denizyolu y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda koronavir\u00fcs pandemisinden \u00f6nce de durgunluk vard\u0131. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel denizyolu ticareti sadece %0,5 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve 2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki %2,8 oran\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin alt\u0131nda kald\u0131. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 2008-2009 k\u00fcresel finans krizinin denizyolu ticaretine etkilerinden bu yana en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oran oldu. 2- Denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki son durumu nedir? Co\u011frafi bak\u0131mdan bir yar\u0131mada olan T\u00fcrkiye, Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n kav\u015fak noktas\u0131nda konumlanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f ticaretinde \u00f6nemli paya sahip denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6zellikle transit ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan geli\u015fim alanlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2010 ve 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011fine kadar olan d\u00f6nemde denizyolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nan ithalat y\u00fckleri 2019 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %60\u2019larda seyretti. 2014 ve 2015 y\u0131llar\u0131nda pay\u0131 %69\u2019a kadar y\u00fckseldi. Ancak 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyre\u011fi sonunda 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde, ilk kez pay\u0131 %60\u2019\u0131n alt\u0131na indi ve %58,10 oldu. De\u011fer baz\u0131nda ihracat ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131nda ise denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelenen d\u00f6nemde pay\u0131n\u0131 2015-2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli art\u0131rd\u0131. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ihracat ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131nda de\u011fer baz\u0131nda pay\u0131 incelenen d\u00f6nemin en y\u00fcksek oran\u0131 olan %63,31\u2019e kadar y\u00fckseldi. \u0130thalatta oldu\u011fu gibi ihracatta da denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fer baz\u0131ndaki pay\u0131 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyre\u011fi sonunda %60\u2019\u0131n alt\u0131nda kald\u0131 ve %59,86 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 3- Denizyolu konteyner ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya ticaretine etkisi nas\u0131l oldu? \u00d6zellikle 80\u2019li y\u0131llar itibar\u0131yla, s\u00fcratle konteyner ile denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve bu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re yeni nesil konteyner gemilerinin ve yeni nesil limanlar\u0131n kurulmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131yla k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ve de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dcretilen bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn konteynerize olabilecek \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclendirilmesi, \u00fcretim, depolama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131, y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltmada yeni y\u00f6ntem ve kurallar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 d\u00fcnya konteyner deniz yolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na vesile oldu. 4- Denizyolu konteyner ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda neler oluyor? Pandemi sebebiyle \u015eubat ve Mart 2020 itibariyle \u00fclkelerde kapanmalar, global \u00e7apta talepte ve arzda, anormallikler ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Pandeminin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer \u00c7in, bundan ilk kurtulan ve normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma temposuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yaparken, birikmi\u015f sipari\u015fler ve \u00fcretimin de h\u0131z kazanmas\u0131yla y\u00fcksek miktarlarda ekipman ihtiyac\u0131 yaratt\u0131. Ortalama her y\u0131l %4 artan konteyner \u00fcretimi pandemi s\u00fcrecinde olumsuz etkilendi ve \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Pandeminin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in durmas\u0131yla armat\u00f6rlerin ilk reaksiyonlar\u0131, “blank sailing” dedi\u011fimiz sefer iptalleri oldu. Ayr\u0131ca pandemi kaynakl\u0131 ithalat y\u00fcklerinin bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki yava\u015flama sonucu, bo\u015f ekipman temininde de sorunlar ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.T\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck armat\u00f6rler (hatlar; Maersk, MSC, Hapag Lloyd,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lojistik","category-manset","category-sektorlerden"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1532"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1534,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1532\/revisions\/1534"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.sektorturk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Di\u011fer yandan denizyolu y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda koronavir\u00fcs pandemisinden \u00f6nce de durgunluk vard\u0131. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel denizyolu ticareti sadece %0,5 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve 2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki %2,8 oran\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin alt\u0131nda kald\u0131. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 2008-2009 k\u00fcresel finans krizinin denizyolu ticaretine etkilerinden bu yana en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oran oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2010 ve 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011fine kadar olan d\u00f6nemde denizyolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nan ithalat y\u00fckleri 2019 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %60\u2019larda seyretti. 2014 ve 2015 y\u0131llar\u0131nda pay\u0131 %69\u2019a kadar y\u00fckseldi. Ancak 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyre\u011fi sonunda 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde, ilk kez pay\u0131 %60\u2019\u0131n alt\u0131na indi ve %58,10 oldu. De\u011fer baz\u0131nda ihracat ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131nda ise denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelenen d\u00f6nemde pay\u0131n\u0131 2015-2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli art\u0131rd\u0131. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ihracat ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131nda de\u011fer baz\u0131nda pay\u0131 incelenen d\u00f6nemin en y\u00fcksek oran\u0131 olan %63,31\u2019e kadar y\u00fckseldi. \u0130thalatta oldu\u011fu gibi ihracatta da denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fer baz\u0131ndaki pay\u0131 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyre\u011fi sonunda %60\u2019\u0131n alt\u0131nda kald\u0131 ve %59,86 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck armat\u00f6rler (hatlar; Maersk, MSC, Hapag Lloyd, Cosco, CMA CGM, Yang Ming, Evergreen v.b.) daha karl\u0131 olan Uzakdo\u011fu\u2019ya bo\u015f ekipman pozisyonlad\u0131lar. \u00dclkemizin ithalat\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015flamas\u0131 ve bo\u015f ekipman deste\u011finin yeteri kadar olmamas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu. Gemi kapasitelerinin de pandemi d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle beraber as\u0131l s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Avrupa ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Kuzey Afrika\u2019ya b\u00fcy\u00fck armat\u00f6rler yeterli alokasyon ay\u0131rmad\u0131. Bu da Arkas, Turkon, Medkon, Akkon gibi lokal armat\u00f6rlerde y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmalara sebep oldu. Y\u00fcksek talep ve t\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler piyasada navlun art\u0131\u015flar\u0131na neden oldu. Asya-USA hatt\u0131ndaki s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ve y\u00fcksek navlunlar sebebiyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den sipari\u015fler artt\u0131. \u00dcreticilerin stok fazlas\u0131 olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2021 ve 2022\u2019de, konteyner gemisi ve yeri arz\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcme bekleniyor. Bu da artan global talep g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Eyl\u00fcl 2021’e kadar ekipman ve yer s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesi beklenmekte. Armat\u00f6rler navlunlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemeye gayret edeceklerdir. Talebin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerden arz\u0131 \u00e7ekip, y\u00fcksek yerlere kayd\u0131racaklard\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok \u00e7ok uluslu \u015firket Uzakdo\u011fu odakl\u0131 \u00fcretim modelini b\u0131rak\u0131p kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme yoluna gidiyor. Bu kaynak, tedarik\u00e7i, yeni \u00fcretim sahalar\u0131 aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6nde geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
UT\u0130KAD Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi ve Denizyolu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu Ba\u015fkan\u0131
UTA Dergisi Nisan Say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"